People sit and stand closer to people they like, admire, and trust. The type of relationship between people also influences proxemic choices. Introverts choose more distance between themselves and others than do extroverts. Men stand farther apart and with more indirect body orientation than do women. For example, people from Mediterranean cultures interact in closer proximity than do those from Scandinavian cultures. Studies had shown that seating arrangements, seated distances and standing distances are influenced by several psychosocial and demographic factors such as culture, gender, age, geographic locale, acquaintanceship, and personality. In the 1970s, much of the research on proxemics focused on social norms for interpersonal spacing, conversational distance, and use of territory. Reconciling conflicting research findings Over the course of almost 40 years, the theory has evolved, been extended to other nonverbal behaviors, and applied to contexts ranging from interviews and interpersonal conversations to message comprehension and persuasive discourse to marital interactions, conflict and deception. EVT arose out of an effort to reconcile conflicting views of proxemics in human interactions. Hall ( 1959), an anthropologist, had designated proxemics as one of the “hidden dimensions of culture,” a sort of “silent language” that is used universally across cultures and expresses well-understood messages within a culture. Proxemics refers to the organization, use, and interpretation of space and distance. Whereas most advice for communicators is to avoid violations of expectations, EVT proposes that positive violations can produce desirable results.ĮVT was initially formulated to account for the communicative effects of proxemics violations during interpersonal and group interaction. It also distinguishes between positive and negative violations. The theory also spawned the investigation of the meanings associated with violations and the kinds of arousal that violations provoke.Įxpectancy violations theory (EVT Burgoon, 1993 Burgoon & Jones, 1976) is an interpersonal communication theory that makes the counterintuitive claim that violations of expectations are sometimes preferable to confirmations of expectations. The theory has also been expanded to several kinds of nonverbal violations, including personal space, eye contact, posture, touch, involvement, and immediacy violations. Some contrary findings have led to revision of the theory. Many of the theory's propositions have been supported empirically. Positive violations are predicted to produce more favorable outcomes, and negative violations less favorable outcomes, than positive and negative confirmations respectively. Violation interpretations and evaluations determine whether they are positive or negative violations. Human interactions are strongly governed by expectations which, if violated, are arousing and trigger an appraisal process that may be moderated by the rewardingness of the violator. There are about 3 and a half months until we will probably see each other again and I’m really hoping he us able to sort through his issues and then we can date……I have a feeling to trust in this situation tho.Expectancy violations theory predicts and explains the effects of nonverbal behavior violations on interpersonal communication outcomes such as attraction, credibility, persuasion, and smooth interactions. I found out he really does want to date me, but he has some issues he wants to sort out first. He texted me last week and we talking about possibly dating again. I thought I was going to lose him, but I knew we were close. Then I stopped texting him because I wanted to take care of my emotional health (me being more of initiator in the texting arena.) He doesn’t text me for a few weeks and it was killing me, lol. ![]() Anyway, for the summer until school comes back in session, we both moved away to different states. We ended up getting a lot closer after that and I was still confused because the situation didn’t feel like a just friends situation. He said he purely saw me as a friend (LIES, LOL) Anyway, he said he still wanted to be friends tho. A couple months ago I confessed to ISFP because we have been having such good times, but it didn’t seem like he was going to make a move.
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